da Generation y , Wikipedia
Demographics In the United States the actual "Echo Boom" was a thirteen year span between 1982 and 1995[39] when for the first time since 1964, the number of live births reached over four million.[citation needed] It wouldn’t be until 1985 that the live birth number would even match that of 1965 at 3.760 million.[citation needed] Also it should be noted that the birthrate of 1971’s 17.2% has yet to be reached according to the 2000 census.[40][41] The majority of Generation Y is culturally liberal[42] with many respecting same-sex marriage rights to the LGBT community[43] among other politically liberal stances, but, in spite of the new dominant liberal growth, new youth clubs and groups have been created in developed countries (such as the US, UK, Japan, Australia and Italy) to take the task of promoting and preserving conservative views and beliefs.[citation needed][44] One analysis of American demographics locates the increase in births between 1978 and 1994. By this calculation there are 60 million members of the generation,[45] just shy of the 78.2 million baby boomers (as of 2005).[46] Generation Y'ers are largely the children of the Baby Boomers. Younger members of this generation have parents that belong to Generation X. Religion "The Spirit of Generation Y", a 2006 Australian study, found 48% of those polled believed in a God, while 20% did not believe in a God and 32% were unsure if a God exists.[47] A 2005 American study looked at 1,385 people aged 18 to 25 and found that over half of those in the study said that they pray regularly before a meal. A third said that they talked about religion with friends, attend places of worship, and read religious materials weekly. 23% of those studied did not identify themselves as belonging to a religious denomination. [48] A recent poll by the Pew Research Center on religion and Generation Y showed that 64% of Americans in this generation believe in God. [49] Peter Pan Generation This generation is also sometimes referred to as the Boomerang Generation or Peter Pan Generation because of their perceived penchant for delaying some of the rites of passage into adulthood longer than most generations before them, and because of a trend toward living with their parents for longer than recent generations.[50] The primary cause of this increased trend can be defined in economic terms.[51] Economic crises, including the dot-com bubble in 2000, and the United States housing bubble that led to the current financial crisis have made paying market-level rent, or any rent, difficult for a generation riddled with high unemployment levels.[52] However, economics is not the only explanation. Questions regarding a clear definition of what it means to be an adult also impacts a debate about delayed transitions into adulthood. For instance, one study by professors at Brigham Young University found that college students are more likely now to define "adult" based on certain personal abilities and characteristics rather than more traditional "rite of passage" events.[53] Dr. Larry Nelson, one of the three Marriage, Family, and Human Development professors to perform the study, also noted that some Millennials are delaying the transition from childhood to adulthood as a response to mistakes made by their parents. "In prior generations, you get married and you start a career and you do that immediately. What young people today are seeing is that approach has led to divorces, to people unhappy with their careers. The majority want to get married--they just want to do it right the first time, the same thing with their careers." [53] Communication and interaction The Millennial Generation, like other generations, has been shaped by the events, leaders, developments and trends of its time.[54] The rise of instant communication technologies made possible through use of the internet, such as email, texting, and IM and new media used through websites like YouTube and social networking sites like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter, may explain the Millennials' reputation for being somewhat peer-oriented due to easier facilitation of communication through technology.[55] Expression and acceptance has been highly important to this generation. In China, with a total population of a billion people, the urge to stand out and be individualistic has become a staple of the Chinese youth culture[56]. Elsewhere, mainly in more well-developed nations, several cohorts of Generation Y members have found comfort in online gaming such as through MMORPGs and virtual worlds like World of Warcraft and Second Life[57]. Flash mobbing, internet meme, and online communities have given some of the more expressive Generation Y members acceptance, while online pen pals have given the more socially timid individuals acceptance as well[58]. Digital technology In their 2007 book, Junco and Mastrodicasa expanded on the work of Howe and Strauss to include research-based information about the personality profiles of Millennials, especially as it relates to higher education. They conducted a large-sample (7,705) research study of college students. They found that Next Generation college students were frequently in touch with their parents and they used technology at higher rates than people from other generations. In their survey, they found that 97% of students owned a computer, 94% owned a cell phone, and 56% owned a MP3 player. They also found that students spoke with their parents an average of 1.5 times a day about a wide range of topics.[59] Other findings in the Junco and Mastrodicasa survey included that 76% of students used instant messaging, 92% of those reported multitasking while IMing, and 40% of students used television to get most of their news and 34% the Internet. In June 2009, Nielsen released the report, "How Teens Use Media" which discussed the latest data on media usage by generation. In this report, Nielsen set out to redefine the dialogue around media usage by the youngest of Generation Y, extending through working age Generation Y and compared to Generation X and Baby Boomers.[60] Pop culture The Millennials grew up amidst a time during which the internet caused great change to all traditional media. Shawn Fanning, a Generation Y member, founded the peer to peer file sharing service Napster while in college. Though the RIAA won a lawsuit and shut down the service in 2001, as a result of these innovations in technology the Millennials had access to more music on demand than any previous generation, and have forced the recording industry to adapt to new business models. Literature and pop culture of the 1990s and 2000s popular with Gen Y include Goosebumps (childhood)[61], Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and numerous fan fiction pieces to popular franchises to name a few[62]. In some ways, the Millennials have become seen as the ultimate rejection of the counterculture that began in the 1960s and persisted in the subsequent decades through the 1990s.[63][64] This is further documented in Strauss & Howe's book titled Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation, which describes the Millennial generation as Civic Minded, rejecting the attitudes of the Baby Boomers and Generation X.[65] Kurt Andersen, the prize winning contributor to Vanity Fair writes in his book Reset: How This Crisis Can Restore Our Values and Renew America writes that many among the Millennial Generation view the 2008 election of Barack Obama as uniquely theirs, and he writes about this generational consensus building as being more healthy and useful than the counterculture protests of the late 1960s and early 1970s, going as far to say that if Millennials can "keep their sense of entitlement in check, they might just turn out to be the next Greatest Generation".[66] However due to the Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 this generation is also beginning to be compared to the Lost Generation of the late 19th and early 20th century.[67] Workforce Economic prospects for the Millennials have worsened due to the Late-2000s recession. Several governments have instituted major youth employment schemes out of fear of social unrest such as the 2008 Greek riots due to the dramatically increased rates of youth unemployment.[68] In Europe youth unemployment levels are very high (40% in Spain, 35% in the Baltic states, 19.1% in Britain[69] and more than 20% in many more) In 2009 leading commentators began to worry about the long term social and economic effects of the unemployment.[70] Unemployment levels in other areas of the world are also high, with the youth unemployment rate in the U.S. reaching a record level (18.5%, July 2009) since the statistic started being gathered in 1948.[71] In Canada, unemployment amongst youths aged 15 to 24 years of age in July 2009 was 15.9%, the highest it had been in 11 years.[72] Generation Y who grew up in Asian countries show different preferences and expectations of work to those who grew up in the US or Europe. This is usually attributed to the differing cultural and economic conditions experienced while growing up.[73] The Millennials are sometimes called the "Trophy Generation", or "Trophy Kids,"[74] a term that reflects the trend in competitive sports, as well as many other aspects of life, where "no one loses" and everyone gets a "Thanks for Participating" trophy and symbolizing a perceived sense of entitlement. It has been reported that this is an issue in corporate environments.[74] Some employers are concerned that Millennials have too great expectations from the workplace and desire to shape their jobs to fit their lives rather than adapt their lives to the workplace.[75] To better understand this mindset, many large firms are currently studying this conflict and are trying to devise new programs to help older employees understand Millennials, while at the same time making Millennials more comfortable. For example, Goldman Sachs conducts training programs that use actors to portray Millennials who assertively seek more feedback, responsibility, and involvement in decision making. After the performance, employees discuss and debate the generational differences they have seen played out.[74]
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